Scaling and Root Planing: The Deep Cleaning Explained

If your dentist recommends "deep cleaning," they're talking about scaling and root planing (SRP) — the primary non-surgical treatment for periodontitis (advanced gum disease). It's different from a regular cleaning in both purpose and depth, but it's still done under local anesthetic and doesn't require surgery.

Regular Cleaning vs. Deep Cleaning

A regular prophylaxis cleaning removes plaque and tartar from tooth surfaces above and just at the gumline — in pockets no deeper than about 3mm. Scaling and root planing goes significantly deeper. In gum disease, bacteria invade the pockets between teeth and gums, which can deepen to 5, 7, even 10mm or more. SRP cleans these deep pockets, removes tartar from root surfaces, and smooths the roots to make bacterial reattachment harder.

What the Procedure Involves

SRP is typically done in two appointments — one side of the mouth at a time — each lasting about 45–60 minutes. Local anesthetic numbs the gum tissue so the hygienist can work comfortably below the gumline. Ultrasonic scalers and hand instruments remove tartar from deep within pockets and from the surfaces of roots. The root surfaces are then "planed" — smoothed — because rough surfaces harbor bacteria more easily than smooth ones.

After Treatment

Expect soreness and sensitivity to temperature for 1–2 weeks. Gums may bleed more easily initially, then improve as they heal. Prescription antimicrobial rinses or locally delivered antibiotics placed in deep pockets are sometimes prescribed. A follow-up evaluation at 4–6 weeks measures pocket depths to assess how well gums have reattached and tightened. Many patients see significant pocket reduction, firmer gums, and reduced bleeding.

What SRP Cannot Do

SRP cannot regrow bone that has been lost to periodontal disease — bone loss is generally permanent without surgical grafting procedures. What it does is arrest the progression of the disease, creating a stable environment where bone loss stops. Without follow-up periodontal maintenance (cleaning every 3–4 months), the disease will likely return.